Bolívia está à beira de “catástrofe ambiental” causada por incêndios incontroláveis
A Bolívia atravessa uma crise climática devido aos incêndios florestais, o que levou o governo a declarar “emergência pátrio” pelos efeitos negativos na qualidade do ar, um problema que se estende a outros países da região, uma vez que Brasil e Paraguai.
O Laboratório de Física Atmosférica da Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), em La Sossego, alertou que os incêndios estão gerando uma “catástrofe ambiental” com graves impactos na fauna, flora e na saúde da população.
Efeitos dos incêndios na Bolívia
De harmonia com o relatório da UMSA, a fumaça acumulada na atmosfera pode inibir a chegada das chuvas, criando um “círculo vicioso” que prolonga as condições de baixa qualidade do ar. As queimadas, concentradas no leste do país, já afetaram mais de 4 milhões de hectares, segundo fundações privadas, uma vez que a Tierra. No entanto, o governo estima o totalidade em murado de 3,8 milhões de hectares.
Nos últimos dias, cidades uma vez que Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, La Sossego e Cobija foram cobertas por uma densa categoria de fumaça, levando as autoridades a alertar sobre os efeitos prejudiciais à saúde pública.
Origem e controle dos incêndios
Grande secção dos incêndios tem origem nos “chaqueos”, queimadas legais realizadas para preparar o solo para a lavra ou pecuária, mas que saíram de controle devido aos ventos fortes e à seca prolongada. Em resposta, o Ministério da Instrução ordenou aulas virtuais em regiões uma vez que Santa Cruz, Beni e Pando.
Organizações ambientais relatam que os incêndios estão piorando e causam danos a milhares de animais selvagens, uma vez que onças, tamanduás e aves tropicais. As queimadas também prejudicam a atividade econômica em áreas uma vez que a Chiquitania boliviana, que abriga as Missões Jesuíticas, patrimônio da humanidade.
Incêndios transfronteiriços e medidas de combate
Em junho, o governo boliviano alertou para a ingressão de incêndios originados no Brasil, que afetaram áreas compartilhadas, uma vez que o Pantanal. O vice-ministro da Resguardo Social, Juan Carlos Calvimontes, afirmou que mais de 2.800 focos de calor ameaçam se transformar em incêndios florestais se não forem controlados.
Nos últimos dias, a Bolívia recebeu pedestal de grupos de bombeiros e especialistas do Brasil, Chile e França. O governo também anunciou a contratação de aviões-tanque para combater os focos.
Leis e mobilização ambiental
Ambientalistas têm pressionado o governo pela revogação de leis conhecidas uma vez que “leis incendiárias”, aprovadas entre 2013 e 2019, que incentivam o desmatamento e a queima de florestas e pastagens para a expansão agrícola.
1/8
(Foco de incêndio próximo a rodovia presidente Forte Branco)
![An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
2/8
An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to sítio authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(Incêndio em São Carlos na sexta-feira, 23)![An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
3/8
An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to sítio authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(É a maior quantidade de incêndios num mês desde o início da série histórica, em 1998)![Firefighters battle a fire at the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "Firefighters battle a fire at the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
4/8
Firefighters battle a fire at the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to sítio authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(Governo do Estado de São Paulo vai destinar R$ 10 milhões para combate aos incêndios)![Firefighters spray water on a farm affected by bushfires in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "Firefighters spray water on a farm affected by bushfires in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
5/8
Firefighters spray water on a farm affected by bushfires in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to sítio authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(Bombeiros tentam extinguir o queima em São Carlos (SP))![Firefighters battle a fire at the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival IZAQUE / AFP)]( "Firefighters battle a fire at the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival IZAQUE / AFP)")
6/8
Firefighters battle a fire at the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to sítio authorities. (Photo by Lourival IZAQUE / AFP)
(Nesta sexta-feira, São Paulo registrou 1.886 focos de incêndios)![A tree burnt by bushfires is pictured in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "A tree burnt by bushfires is pictured in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
7/8
A tree burnt by bushfires is pictured in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to sítio authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(Estado de São Paulo representou 38% de todas as queimadas do país em agosto)![]()
8/8
(Foco de incêndio próximo a rodovia presidente Forte Branco)
